中国是世界上洪涝灾害发生最为频繁的国家之一。灾害波及范围广，损失严重。1984～2013年中国暴雨洪涝灾害的人口暴露度和经济暴露度均呈增大趋势，受灾人口和直接经济损失显著增大；人口脆弱性显著增强，但经济脆弱性随着经济的飞速发展呈现减弱趋势。在未来全球变暖条件下，中国洪涝灾害风险将进一步增大，最大限度地减少暴露度和增强社会经济的恢复力与适应性是降低灾害风险的有效途径。
China is one of the countries in the world that suffers the most severe flood disasters in frequency and socio-economic terms. From 1984 to 2013，the population exposure and economic exposure to rainstorm floods are characterized by increasing trend in China，direct economic loss and the affected population increase significantly；Population vulnerability obviously enhance，but the economic vulnerability shows a trend of decrease with the rapid development of the economy. Under the condition of future global warming，flood disaster risk will increase further. So minimizing exposure and enhancing social economic resilience and adaptability are the effective ways to reduce disaster risk in China.
