China has entered a high-quality development stage of accelerated greening and low-carbonization，with carbon control and reduction becoming national priority. Led by carbon control and reduction，a market-based system for the allocation of resources and environmental elements is imperative to form green new productive forces，coordinate carbon reduction，pollution reduction，green expansion，and economic and social development，and accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of the economy and society as a whole. Currently，China mainly focuses on carbon emission rights，energy use rights，pollution discharge rights，and water use rights trading mechanisms to promote the market-based allocation of resources and environmental elements，and is generally at the starting and pilot stage. In practice，it faces challenges such as insufficient marketization concepts，insufficient market interconnection，unsmooth price formation and transmission mechanisms，and a weak foundation work system. It is suggested to coordinate development，emission reduction，and safety，strengthen the top-level design of the market-based allocation system for resources and environmental elements；focus on key regions and key river basins，build cross-regional trading markets；coordinate prices reform and market mechanisms，and the realization of ecological product value；strengthen policy support and capacity building，and explore the development of a multi-product，integrated trading platform for resource and environmental factors.