在全球温室气体减排呼声愈发迫切的背景下，非二氧化碳温室气体的减排也被提上了日程，这使得非二氧化碳温室气体主要排放源之一——农业温室气体活动减排日趋重要。依据中国向《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）秘书处最新提交的国家温室气体清单，我国人为排放源中，37.2%的甲烷和49.2%的氧化亚氮来源于农业。本文通过调研历次国家温室气体清单、联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）数据库及相关文献中有关中国农业的温室气体清单数据，从多角度分析了中国农业温室气体源汇总量及排放强度的变化趋势，分析了种养殖业温室气体减排潜力及成本收益，梳理了现有农业减排固碳政策措施在促进农业减排固碳技术应用时所面临的困难，对未来从技术、机制、管理等多方面协同制定农业减排政策提出了建议。要在农业生产端加强技术改进及进行科学有效的管理，在农业产品消费端提倡绿色生活饮食习惯，建立一系列标准、农业监测体系和核算体系，建立农产品碳标识制度以及其他保障等措施。在保障我国农业生产满足国计民生和粮食安全的前提下，应尽力提高农业助力国家实现“双碳”目标的能力。
The reduction of non-carbon dioxide（non-CO2）greenhouse gases（GHGs）has been put on the agenda，along with the urgency of global greenhouse gas mitigation. The agricultural sector，being a major source of non-CO2 GHGs，its mitigation is becoming increasingly significant. According to the latest national greenhouse gas inventory submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change（UNFCCC），37.2% and 49.2% of national anthropogenic methane（CH4）and nitrous oxide（N2O）emissions are from agriculture. This report comprehensively analyzes the temporal trends in both the amount and intensity of China’s agricultural GHG emissions by drawing on data from national inventories，FAO databases，and relevant literatures，and assesses the GHG emission reduction potential along with its costs and benefits. Additionally，the gaps and difficulties issued by existing policies in promoting the application of technologies on agricultural carbon emission reduction and sequestration are sorted，and suggestions for the future collaborative development of agricultural emission reduction policies from various aspects such as technology，mechanism，and management are provided，such as，the research and development of carbon reduction and sequestration technology ought to be intensified at the terminal stage of agricultural production. The green living and dietary habits should be advocated at the consumption terminus of agricultural products. A comprehensive set of standards，agricultural monitoring systems，accounting systems，and a carbon labeling system for agricultural products should be erected. The coordination between national and local agricultural carbon emission reduction and sequestration should be fortified. A succession of safeguard measures，such as the integration of artificial intelligence and the agricultural industry，should be expedited，etc.. Finally，we should try our best to improve its ability to share the burden of national dual-carbon goals under the premise of ensuring that China’s agricultural production meets the national economy，people’s livelihood and food security.
