随着气候治理的重要性不断上升，全球能源转型势不可挡，可再生能源和能源效率在这一进程中扮演关键角色，由此锂、钴、镍等关键矿产需求增大，使得推动关键矿产安全成为重点议题。美国等西方国家将关键矿产供应链安全提高到国家战略高度，推动供应链“去中国化”，寻求建立全球标准和冲突解决程序。而以“全球南方”为代表的关键矿产资源国成为能源转型中的新兴国家，积极拓展关键矿产产业链，努力实现更高质量的发展。中国作为全球矿产勘探、开发、加工的主要国家，在中游精炼和下游生产等领域占主导地位，但在上游欠缺优势。在此背景下，我国应进一步识别关键矿产供应链中的风险，并提出全球关键矿产供应链风险可能的解决方案。
As the importance of climate governance continues to rise，the global energy transition is an unstoppable trend，with renewable energy and energy efficiency playing a crucial role. This has led to a significant demand for key minerals such as lithium，cobalt，and nickel，making the secure supply of these minerals a critical issue. Western countries，particularly the United States and Europe，have elevated the security of critical mineral supply to a national strategic level，seeking to establish global standards and conflict resolution mechanisms through enhanced alliance cooperation and supply chain “de-Chinaization.” Meanwhile，“Global South” countries，which are rich in key mineral resources，are emerging as new players in the energy transition，actively expanding their critical mineral supply chains to achieve higher-quality development. As a major player in global mineral exploration，development，and processing，China dominates the midstream refining and downstream production sectors，but lacks advantages in the upstream sector. In this context，it is imperative to further identify risks in the critical mineral supply chain and propose possible solutions to global critical mineral supply chain risks.
