“双碳”认证可分为“直接涉碳类认证”和“间接涉碳类认证”，我国20世纪90年代建立的中国环境标志产品认证、环境管理体系认证和节能产品认证制度是典型的间接涉碳类认证，同时也是我国“双碳”认证的开端。2005年《京都议定书》生效，我国积极参与全球温室气体减排，在《联合国气候变化框架公约》背景下的清洁发展机制项目审定核查是直接涉碳类认证的开端。在2020年国家确定“双碳”目标后，全领域全行业积极开展“双碳”行动，国家“双碳”质量基础设施也不断完善，各类“双碳”认证形式不断涌现。但是，在推进落实“双碳”政策和服务“双碳”目标实现方面，“双碳”认证整体还面临着顶层设计有待强化、制度体系有待完善、相关标准及基础设施有待健全以及国际绿色贸易壁垒的挑战。本文通过梳理我国“双碳”认证发展历程和面临的挑战，为我国“双碳”认证助力“双碳”目标实现提供政策建议。
‘Dual carbon’ certification can be divided into “directly related carbon certification” and “indirectly related carbon certification”，China’s Environmental Label，Environmental Management System and Energy Conservation Certification established in the 90s is a typical indirectly related carbon certification，but also the beginning of China’s ‘dual carbon’ certification. When the Kyoto Protocol came into effect in 2005，China actively participated in global emission reduction，and the verification of CDM projects in the context of the UNFCCC was the beginning of directly related carbon certification. After the state determined the ‘dual carbon’ goal in 2020，all fields and the whole industry actively carried out the ‘dual carbon’ action，the ‘dual carbon’ quality infrastructure was also constantly improving，and various forms of ‘dual carbon’ certification continued to emerge. However，in terms of promoting the implementation of the ‘dual carbon’ policy and the realization of the ‘dual carbon’ goal of service，the ‘dual carbon’ certification as a whole still faces the challenges of top-level design to be strengthened，institutional system to be improved，standards and infrastructure to be improved，and international green trade barriers. This paper provides policy recommendations for China’s ‘dual carbon’ certification to help achieve the ‘dual carbon’ goal by reviewing the development process and challenges it faces.
