This paper systematically reviews the current status of energy consumption and carbon emissions in rural residential buildings in China，and examines the laws，policies，and practices of energy efficiency in rural residential buildings implemented during different historical periods，according to the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals in the field of urban and rural construction，analyzes the existing energy efficiency issues in rural buildings，and several recommendations are proposed. These include establishing and improving the policy system for green development of rural residential buildings in China，establishing the green and low-carbon building technology system that adapts to rural characteristics，building green and low-carbon rural houses and new rural low-carbon communities，implementing the energy-saving renovation of existing rural houses systematically and comprehensively，and actively promoting renewable energy.