钢铁行业是中国制造业中碳排放量最大的行业，也是中国应对气候变化最重要的领域之一。本文意在阐述钢铁行业绿色低碳发展的现状、技术路径与未来方向。根据钢铁工业的碳排放，分析钢铁制造工艺与碳排放之间的关系，以及世界钢铁转型趋势，发现中国钢铁工业的机遇与挑战并存。废钢回收与电炉工艺、再电气化、氢冶金以及资源循环与副产品、碳捕集及利用都是转型路径中的主要工艺方式，而用能结构优化是未来发展的重要方向。因此，本文认为，在“双碳”进程中，除了冶金工艺本身的变革，清洁能源作为支撑减碳的保障角色也会越来越重要。
The iron and steel sector is the largest emitter of carbon dioxide in China’s manufacturing industry. This report is intended to describe the the present state，technical routes and perspectives of iron and steel industry development. According to the analysis of carbon emission structure，the relationship between production processes and emission，and the transformation trend of the world’s iron and steel industry，opportunities and challenges coexist in China’s steel industry. Scrap steel recovery and electric furnace process，re-electrification，hydrogen metallurgy，resource recycling and by-products，carbon capture and utilization are the main processes in the low-carbon transformation path，and “optimization of energy consumption structure” is one of the important future directions. This report suggests that in order to achieve peak carbon neutralization，clean energy supply will become more and more important as a guarantee for carbon reduction while the metallurgical processes reform.
