Achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals puts forward a series of new requirements for the development of green and low-carbon technologies，including the large-scale and high-proportion application of relatively mature technologies，the transformation of demonstration technologies to industrialization，as well as R&D and strategic reserve of cutting-edge technologies. A series of achievements have been made in the development of green and low-carbon technologies in China，but there are various challenges under the new situation：the promotion and application of relatively mature technologies are restricted by the collaborative guarantee capacity of the industrial chain and supply chain；the transformation of engineering demonstration technologies to industrialization still needs a strengthen system mechanism as a guarantee；R&D and reserve of major strategic technologies need to be supported by an further improved innovation system. Therefore，it is necessary to systemically break through the plugging points of relatively mature technologies towards a high proportion of applications，improve the mechanism to promote the transformation of demonstration technologies to industrial application，vigorously promote the demonstration of new technology projects，strengthen the research and development of major strategic technologies，and improve the supporting policies at all stages of technology.