甲烷是全球第二大温室气体，其排放量占全球温室气体排放总量的16%，仅次于二氧化碳。在全球变暖的背景下，甲烷控排对于各国达成气候目标意义重大。本文通过分析《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）附件一国家向联合国提交的国家信息通报（NC），以及中国最新的国家信息通报和两年更新报告（BUR），系统总结了国内外甲烷排放现状、来源特征和分领域政策措施（P&M）以及甲烷减排效果和目标。分领域归纳总结了主要附件一和非附件一国家在能源、农业和废弃物三个领域的主要减排政策和措施，分析了中国甲烷排放现状、控排政策措施及存在的问题，并通过对比分析国际经验提出了对中国甲烷控排的启示。研究结果显示，中国甲烷排放规律与全球基本一致。现阶段甲烷控排的关键技术和管理政策体系都需要进一步攻关健全，核算方法学及监测规范需要进一步研究。在加大控排力度的同时，应加强利用市场化手段促进甲烷减排。
Methane is the second most abundant greenhouse gas，accounting for 16% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In the context of global warming，methane emission control is of great significance for countries to achieve climate goals. By analyzing National Communications（NC） submitted by Annex I parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change （UNFCCC） and the most recent Nc and Biennial Upolate Report（BUR） submitted by China，the emission status，source characteristics，policy measures，and their emission reduction effects and targets of China and abroad are systematically summarized. The main emission reduction policies and measures of main Annex I and non-Annex I parties in the energy，agriculture，and waste sector are outlined. In addition，this paper encapsulates the current situation of methane emissions and emission control policies and measures in China，reveals the potential problems of methane emission reduction practices，and proposes inspirations for methane emission control in China by comparing and analyzing international experiences. The results show that the status of methane emissions in China is consistent with global trends. In the current stage，the key technologies and management policy of methane emission control need to be improved，and the accounting and monitoring methods need to be further enhanced. While strengthening emission control，market-oriented means should be promoted to assist in methane emission mitigation.
