气候监测事实表明，2015年成为全球自有现代观测（1880年）以来最热的年份。同时，亚洲地表平均气温为1901年以来最高的年份，中国也经历了1951年有完整气象记录以来最热的年份。大气二氧化碳浓度突破400ppm，海洋热容量突破新高，全球海表温度也是1870年以来最高值。在全球变暖的背景下，强厄尔尼诺的出现频率以及赤道中东太平洋处于厄尔尼诺状态的时间都显著增加，厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜事件之间的转换时间有所缩短。2015/2016年超强厄尔尼诺事件在持续事件、峰值强度等多项指标上都超过了前两次超强厄尔尼诺事件，是近百年来最强的一次厄尔尼诺事件，但是在大气对海洋的响应强度上不及1982/1983年厄尔尼诺事件。在2015/2016年超强厄尔尼诺事件影响下，大气环流显著异常，全球多地极端天气气候事件频发。
Climate monitoring shows that the year of 2015 becomes the warmest year since 1880 in the worldwide. In the meanwhile，the average surface air temperature in Asia reaches the top since 1901，and China experienced a warmest year since 1951. CO2 concentration in the atmosphere breakthrough 400ppm，while the ocean heat content and the global sea surface temperature both get the highest records. Under the global warming，the occurrence of strong El Niño and total time of El Niño state in the equatorial central-eastern Pacific significantly increased，and the transition time between El Niño and La Niña is shortened. 2015/2016 super El Niño event exceeds the former two events in the multi-index，and becomes the strongest El Niño event in the past century. However，the response of the atmosphere in this event is weaker than 1982/1983. In the influence of 2015/2016 El Niño event，the atmospheric circulation exhibits remarkable abnormality，and extremely weather and climate events occurs frequently.
