气候融资这个概念起源于全球为气候变化的减缓与适应行动提供资金支持的规则和机制创新，随着全球经济重心的迁移，以及低碳发展与气候适应性发展与全球贸易、可持续金融、区域经济战略的切合度逐渐提升，这一个概念得到不断演化丰富，逐渐涵盖了三个方面的内涵：其一，在国际法框架下全球公共资金如何支持全球气候公共物品的可持续供给；其二，金融体系（宏观金融调控与微观金融市场）如何服务于包括减排和适应在内的可持续发展目标；其三，主权国家政策制定者、金融机构及各经济部门如何应对包括气候变迁、极端天气带来的物理风险以及经济技术转型风险。本文在评估全球气候融资发展形势和特点的基础上，对发展中国家气候融资面临的共性问题和障碍进行了梳理，提出在新的全球经济体系演化背景下，如何兼顾国际和国内气候融资战略需求，践行中国特色的气候融资治理。
Climate financing was originated from global environmental cooperation.With the synergy among climate governance，trading and sustainable development，the connotation of climate financing further evolves.Climate financing now covers three dimensions：1）how do public finance from developed countries support the supply of global climate public goods，2）how to manage the global financial markets and institutions to provide more finance in addressing climate change，and 3）how do policy，market and institution deal with risks related with climate change，extreme weather events，energy transition and carbon price.This paper evaluates the development and characteristics of the global climate financing，and analyses the common challenges faced with climate financing in developing countries.On the basis of the evaluation and analysis，this paper presents solutions to balancing the international and the domestic climate financing strategies，and implementing climate financing governance with Chinese characteristics.
