埃及自建国以来一直存在结构性治理困境,社会问题长期得不到有效解决,成为2011年革命爆发的重要内因。此后,由于政治动荡和经济颓势,埃及社会问题更加凸显,严重威胁社会稳定和国家发展。从国家治理的宏观层面看,埃及还未处理好公有部门与私有部门、计划经济与市场经济等之间的关系。从国家治理的主体看,官僚机构过度膨胀,腐败问题严重;官僚主义严重,政府治理能力低下等。塞西任总统后,对内积极探索社会治理的有效途径,对外积极与其他国家进行治国理政经验交流,在此基础上,先后提出埃及“2030年愿景”、“团结与尊严”计划、“体面生活”倡议等多项倡议和举措,以解决现存社会问题,加速国家发展,提高民众的获得感和幸福感,维持社会稳定。然而,埃及当前社会问题尖锐复杂,尚未从根本上得到解决,社会治理艰巨复杂,任重道远。
Since its establishment,Egypt has faced structural governance challenges,with long-standing social issues remaining unresolved. These challenges significantly contributed to the outbreak of the 2011 revolution. Post-revolution,political turmoil and economic decline have exacerbated these social issues,posing serious threats to social stability and national development. From a macro-governance perspective,Egypt has yet to properly manage the relationship between the public and private sectors,as well as between planned and market economies. The bureaucracy has become excessively bloated,corruption is rampant,and bureaucratic inefficiencies have led to low governmental governance capabilities. After assuming the presidency,Abdel Fattah El-Sisi has actively sought effective methods for social governance domestically and has engaged in governance experience exchanges with other countries internationally. Based on these efforts,several initiatives and measures have been proposed,including,“Egypt Vision 2030”,the “Takaful and Karama”(Solidarity and Dignity),the “Decent Life” Initiative,aimed at addressing existing social issues,accelerating national development,and enhancing the people’s sense of gain and happiness. These initiatives and measures have achieved certain successes,maintaining social stability in Egypt. However,it is undeniable that some current social issues in Egypt remain unresolved,necessitating further useful exploration.