The Silk Road Economic Zone （SREZ） is a great strategic deployment made by China to comply with the international trend and face up to the future in the context of complex international geopolitical and economic landscape. It is intended to fully deepen the opening up，strengthen economic and trade cooperation with the Central Asia，Middle East， Europe，North Africa，South Asia，and Southeast Asia，and build a new international political and economic order. As a whole，the SREZ has a fragile ecological environment and will be confronted with higher ecological risk as human activities intensify with large-scale development of the Zone. Hence，the science circle is expected as a think tank to carry out tracking studies and warning research on major issues related to sustainable development，so as to lay the basis for scientific decisions on the SREZ.