2018年，尼加拉瓜爆发近十年来最为严重的社会抗议活动，导致该国陷入政治危机。奥尔特加政府无意通过对话解决危机，但是总统的执政地位目前未受动摇。受国内政治社会危机的影响，尼加拉瓜经济转为负增长，是拉美和加勒比地区三个经济萎缩的国家之一。因经济下滑，政府缩减社会支出和公共支出，大批削减公共投资计划。尼加拉瓜的气候风险指数在全球排名第6位，是全球受气候变化影响最严重的国家之一。尼加拉瓜与美洲玻利瓦尔联盟及成员国的关系继续深化，与美国的关系紧张，与俄罗斯的交流加强。
A wave of protests that began in April has morphed into a more general civil uprising and marked the most serious episode of social unrest in Nicaragua in a decade. Mr Ortega shows no willingness to forge a negotiated resolution to the crisis，and it is highly possible for him to remain in power. Nicaragua’s economy ended 2018 with a negative growth rate due to the social and political unrest and it is one of the three economies that contracted in this region. As a result of economic slowdown，the government implemented a drastic cut on social and public expenses. Nicaragua is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change in the world，and is ranked on 6th position in terms of Global Climate Risk index. Nicaragua’s foreign policy focused on deepening diplomatic ties with the Bolivarian Alliance and Russia，and its relationship with the US was strained.
