2018年,日本社会的老龄化程度进一步加剧,少子化趋势未能得到有效缓解。为了应对社会保障开支的持续增加,日本政府扩大了厚生年金缴纳群体的范围,对高收入者提高了护理保险的个人负担比例。2018年,法务、劳动、就业、税收、社会保障等领域的一系列法律修正案获得通过。特别是《出入国管理及难民认定法》在一定程度上向外籍劳动者敞开了大门,弥补了建筑等行业劳动力的不足。“工作方式改革一揽子法”纠正了长时间劳动的弊端,贯彻了同工同酬,使潜在劳动力转化为现实劳动力。
2018年には、日本社会の高齢化がさらに進み、少子化の進展が効果的に緩和されていない。社会保障の支出が持続的に増加することに対し、厚生年金の適応を拡大し、高所得者向けの介護保険の個人負担率も上がった。2018年には法務、労働、雇用、税制、社会保障などの分野で一連の法律改正案が可決、成立した。『出入国管理及び難民認定法』は外国人労働者にある程度扉を開き、建設分野などの人手不足を補った。働き方改革関連法の成立は長時間労働の弊害を是正し、同一賃金同一労働を徹底し、潜在労働力を現実労働力に転換させた。
in 2018,the aging rate of Japanese society is further intensified,and the downward trend in the birthrate has not been effectively alleviated. In order to cope with the continuous increase of social security expenditure,the government of Japan has expanded the scope of the group of people who contribute to the Employees’ Pension Insurance,and increased the proportion of the personal expense of Long-Term Care insurance for high income earners. In 2018,a series of legal amendments were passed in the fields of legal affairs,labor,employment,taxation and social security. In particular,the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act opened the door to foreign workers to a certain extent,making up for the shortage of labor force in construction and other industries. The “work style reform bills” has corrected the disadvantages of long working hours,implemented equal pay for equal work,and transformed potential labor into actual labor.
Keywords: | Social SecurityJapanAging Population and Low BirthrateReform of Working MethodsForeign Workers |