重建共产党（简称重建共）和意大利共产党（简称新意共）是当前意大利影响力和组织力量最大的两支共产主义政党。在经济社会危机深化与民粹主义强势兴起的背景下，两党在2018年3月的议会选举中依然未能逆转2008年以来的颓势，边缘化困境越发显著。大选后，两党对当前的政治困境进行了比较深入的分析，提出了新的主张和新的策略。重建共与新意共之间存在着坚实的合作基础——都坚持作为共产主义力量推动意大利乃至欧洲的社会主义替代的社会理想。但必须指出的是，影响意大利社会主义运动前景的，并非两党的共识基础，而是两党之间一直存在且有所扩大的分歧，即共产党应该在替代现有政治力量且推动国家实现变革的左翼联盟中发挥什么样的作用。
Communist Refoundation Party and Italian Communist Party are Two communist parties with the greatest influence and organization in Italy. In the context of the deepening of the economic and social crisis and the rise of populism，in the parliamentary elections in March 2018，the two parties still failed to reverse the decline since 2008，and the marginalization dilemma become more obvious. After the election，the two parties conducted in-depth analysis of the current political dilemma and put forward new propositions and new strategies. There is a relatively solid foundation for cooperation between Communist Refoundation Party and Italian Communist Party，as both parties adhere to the social ideal of promoting socialist alternative in Italy and Europe as communist force. However，it must be pointed out that it is not the basis of the consensus of the two parties that influences the prospects of socialist movements in Italy，but the divergence between the two parties that have existed and expanded. That is，what role should the Communist Party play in replacing the existing political forces，as well as in the left-wing alliance which promotes the country to achieve change.？
