As the geographical intersection of the “Silk Road Economic Belt” and the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road”，the Middle East is an essential region for promoting the Belt and Road Initiative. The Middle East enjoys rich resources，vast markets，and great potential of economic and social development. But at the same time，due to the geopolitical wrestling，sectarian conflicts，extremism and terrorism，the regional political map are fragmented and the political situation has been fluctuating，while non-traditional security risks keep rising. Especially since the last year，the regional geopolitical competition among the extraterritorial powers has been dramatically upgraded. The situation in Syria is shifting to the post-war political transition，while the Trump administration’s aggressive policy on JCPOA and Embassy moving brought new risks to the region. Despite the complicated regional situation，the effort of China and regional countries on promoting the construction of the Maritime Silk Road has never been stopped. Frequent high-level visits and designs go along with the implementation of the specific mechanism，China’s Belt and Road Initiative has gradually connecting with the development plans of regional countries. In general，the opportunities and challenges for the construction of the Maritime Silk Road in the Middle East coexist，and the non-traditional security risks are still at a relatively high level compared with other regions. At present，some prevention mechanisms have been presented in most projects against the non-traditional security risks，while the crisis coping ability of relevant parties still needs to be further strengthened.