随着“一带一路”建设的不断深入,中国公民的海外游学与中国企业的海外投资活动,也日渐深入全球的各个角落,从而对中国的海外公共安全危机管理提出了更高的要求。中国海外侨民的生命财产安全,以及中国海外投资的安全,已经成为中国国家利益的重要组成部分。近年来,随着中国领事保护能力和海外行动能力的提升,以利比亚撤侨为代表的撤侨行动,已多次在极端的海外公共安全危机中发挥了维护中国核心海外利益的作用。本报告通过访谈进行比较性案例研究,解析了利比亚撤侨的特殊性,并分别提出了此次行动从安全预警、集结准备到转运回国阶段值得总结的经验和教训。笔者强调海外公共安全风险防范的重要性,建议针对中国海外利益集中的高危地区加强风险评估,做好人员信息统计,建立并完善重要目标定位数据库和可供紧急状态下一键报警的通信软、硬件设施。本报告建议,通过建立海外公共安全专家库、海外安全事件案例库和应对紧急情况预案库提升预警能力,充分发挥智库作用,进而提升海外撤侨决策的科学性。与此同时,以中资海外大型项目基地为支点,借助民营海外安保公司的力量,将海外连锁酒店、物流基地、运输线路上的维修站和补给站等可用于紧急状态下为海外侨民提供临时庇护和转运的潜在资源梳理成网络,打造自有的海外救援体系。在此过程中,一方面应发挥政府的指导作用、加强政策扶持;另一方面应积极加强国际合作,与国际救援标准接轨。
Under security crisis,demand for protection has become a major concern for overseas Chinese,when more and more visitors,students and businessmen travel aboard as the “Belt and Road Initiative” promoted China’s cultural and economic cooperation to nearly every corner in this world. As a result,the Chinese government has made every effort to protect its citizen aboard,including massive evacuation campaign using diplomatic,even military power,as it did in Libya,2011. In this article,the author made several interviews to compare evacuation operations from Libya in 2011 and 2014,as well as evacuations from Syria,Viet Nam,and so on. Based on those case studies,the author suggests the Chinese government to pay higher attention to risk evaluation for unstable areas in which overseas investments and individual activities are concentrated. Related methods should include:building up-to-date database for overseas Chinese,database for key geographical information,as well as software and hardware for emergent communication reliable during major local facility failure. In order to make timely and effective decision for evacuation,the government should also encourage specialized experts with overseas working experience on crisis management,to work on solutions and action plans based on real cases. At the same time,efforts should be made to build “safe house” in high-risk area,as temporary shelter or gathering point before evacuation. Major engineering project sites,logistic bases,supply stations along transportation routes,etc.,could be upgraded to safe shelters. It is important for the government to mobilize all kinds of resources with preferential policies to connect the shelters into evacuation routes,and further,into global rescue network. It is even more important for the rescue network to comply with international code of conduct.