改革开放40年来，上海市政府相关部门一方面致力于完善垃圾分类资源化利用或安全处置的设施，更努力构建与优化垃圾分类投放的经济激励机制；尤其是2011年以来，上海在利用经济激励和社区治理机制推进居民生活垃圾分类中，取得了较大成绩，以“绿色账户”为代表的经济激励措施取得了初步成效。未来，上海还需要引入更有效的经济激励手段（如差别化垃圾收费机制），注重前端分类投放与后端分类处理设施之间的衔接，以及依靠社区治理强化制度能力建设。
In the last four decades since beginning of Reform and Opening Up，Shanghai Municipal Government has paid great efforts to promote recycling or safe disposal facilities for different wastes，and even has paid great attention to establishing and optimizing economic incentives to encourage waste sorting. Especially since 2011，Shanghai has witnessed great success in household waste sorting thanks to economic incentives and community governance mechanisms；“Green Account” is a famous economic incentive policy and is successful to some extent in the first phase. In the future，Shanghai needs to introduce more effective economic incentive policy（i.e. differentiated waste charge），to coordinate waste sorting modes in the hands of the residents and the follow-up waste treatment facilities of different types，and to enhance institutional capacity building via community governance.
