In this paper，we make a comprehensive analysis of the development and changes of the five major social insurance systems，including endowment insurance，medical insurance，unemployment insurance，maternity insurance，and industrial injury insurance in Shanghai from 2010 to 2017. We consider the number of insured persons，the number of persons enjoying，the income and expenditure of funds，the accumulation of funds，and so on. In addition，we comb the development and evolution of the social security system and analyze the outstanding problems in the development of the social security system. According to analysis，we propose some policy suggestions including expanding the coverage of endowment insurance and maternity insurance，further reducing the contribution rate of endowment insurance，speeding up the integration of medical services in the Yangtze River Delta，and giving full play to the role of unemployment insurance in promoting employment.