The development lag of transportation infrastructure is the main bottleneck restricting Indonesia’s economic growth. This paper firstly analyzes the overall situation of Indonesia’s transportation development. Road transportation occupies the major proportion of transportation sector，but aviation has been the major growing parts among transportation system in the past six years. Firm-level analysis shows the return rate on assets of representative road companies is decreasing，and operating income of representative maritime and aviation transport companies is growing notably. The analysis also points out that some shortages of fund，experience and technology lead to insufficiency and relatively low efficiency of Indonesia’s transportation infrastructure construction. Considering the determination of Indonesian government to develop transportation infrastructure and the abundance of experience China enterprises have in this area，two countries should do more cooperation in transportation infrastructure development.