自2013年习近平主席提出建设“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”以来，中国与中亚国家经贸往来日趋活跃，能源关系发展迅速，能源合作已成为中国在中亚推进“一带一路”倡议的重要内容和突破口。在此背景下，本文首先分析了中国和中亚国家油气资源供需状况、能源合作的现状，其次分析了“一带一路”倡议下中国与中亚地区能源合作面临的诸如中国油气企业国际竞争力较弱等挑战，最后就“一带一路”倡议下如何深化中国与中亚地区能源合作，提出了加强中国油气企业国际竞争力等对策建议。
China and central Asian countries have frequent economic and trade exchanges and good cooperation since President Xi initiated the Silk Road economic belt and the 21st century maritime Silk Road in 2013. Under this background，this paper firstly analyzes the current situation of supply and demand of petroleum in China and Central Asian，and the existing energy cooperation between China and central Asian countries.Then we analyze the challenges of energy cooperation between China and central Asian countries under The Belt and Road Initiative，such as the international competitiveness of Chinese oil and gas companies is weak.Finally we put forward the corresponding countermeasures and measures to enhance the cooperation between China and central Asian countries in energy cooperation under The Belt and Road Initiative.
