现代叙利亚国家政治发展，经历了议会民主、军人干政、叙埃联合、一党制总统威权体制、有限政治自由化道路的演变过程。这一演变过程具有浓重的军人夺权、个人专权、家族统治、教派纷争等色彩。当前叙利亚内战从深层次看，可以说是现代叙利亚政治发展道路演变进程中多种矛盾的总爆发。2017年，叙利亚境内的战场形势趋于稳定，国内局势朝着有利于叙政权的方向发展，政治解决叙利亚问题的曙光开始显现。同时，新的地缘政治格局尚不稳定，各方政治合作的基础依然脆弱，政治重建前景存在许多的不确定性。
The process of modern Syria national political model is transforming from parliament democracy，military dictatorship，United Arab Republic，Baath Party-led authoritarian regime to limited liberal system. The transformation in Syrian national political system is featured by military intervention，personal dictatorship，one family rule and sectarian competition. The ongoing Syria crisis could be interpreted as the eruption of various contradictions and crisis in the transformation process. Syria government started to retake different areas of the nation while the peace process brought new hopes to Syrian people. However，if the unstable geopolitical environment and the fragile political trust among different sides，the future of political reconstruction is still full of uncertainties.
