Scientific and technological innovation is of great significance to the development of China’s nuclear industry and plays an important role in promoting the strategy of building a strong nuclear science and technology country. Our country has made important achievements in the development of advanced nuclear power reactors and systems and the construction of demonstration projects as of scientific and technological innovation. Significant achievements have been made in the development of the large-scale advanced pressurized water reactor CAP1400 and high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plants. Hualong One demonstration projects have smoothly progress at home and abroad. Substantial progress has been made in the research and development of small reactors in multipurpose. The 600MWe sodium cooled fast demonstration project has started the civil engineering project. The fourth-generation nuclear energy system and the technological innovation of the traveling wave reactor are gradually being developed. The technological innovation of the fusion reactor technology has achieved certain results.