回归以来,澳门旅游业迅速发展,就业人员数量大幅增加。通过分析发现,虽然澳门旅游业各子行业间存在一定差异,但是总体上呈现就业人员素质偏低、较为年轻、现职年资较少、学历水平偏低、工作时间偏长、工资偏低以及外劳占比较高等特点,其中饮食业相关特点和问题最为突出。一方面,劳动力供给相对较平稳而人才培养不足;另一方面职位空缺较多,人才流失较严重,就业人员流动率较高。澳门要建设“世界旅游休闲中心”,旅游业必将扩大规模,提高质量,因此,未来无论普通劳动力还是人才的供给均不能满足产业发展对劳动力的需求。提高产业层次使旅游业成为技术和人力资本密集型产业、本地培养与引进外地优秀人才相结合、提高就业人员素质和持续引进外劳作为有益补充,将是解决这一问题的主要途径。
Since the return of Macau,the tourism industry in Macau has developed rapidly and the number of employed population has increased substantially. Through analysis,it is found that although there are some differences between the sub-industries of Macau tourism industry,the overall characteristics of the employed population include low quality,young age,short duration in present job,low level of education,long hours worked,low salary and high percentage of non-local workers. These characteristics and problems of the catering industry are the most prominent. On one hand,the labor supply is relatively stable and talent training is insufficient. On the other hand,there are more vacancies,more serious brain drain,and a higher turnover rate of the employed. In order to build a “World Tourism and Leisure Center” in Macau,the tourism industry will surely expand its scale and improve its quality. Therefore,in the future,the supply of both ordinary laborers and talented people cannot meet the demand of the industrial development. Raising the industrial level to make tourism a technological- and human capital-intensive industry,combining local training with the introduction of outstanding talents from other regions to improve the quality of employed people and continuously introducing foreign workers as useful supplements will be the major ways to solve this problem.