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由罗兴伽问题看东南亚地区被迫迁徙者的现状和前景

文章摘要

作为被迫迁徙罗兴伽人的主要目的地,泰国、马来西亚和印度尼西亚三国对待被迫迁徙罗兴伽人的政策和应对措施已经取得了某些进步,但仍然离公约和议定书的规定有差距。三国难民政策主要以被动应付为主,缺乏主动改善南迁罗兴伽人权利和地位的动力。罗兴伽问题是缅甸构建民族国家过程中遗留的问题,主要根源在于罗兴伽人无国籍特性,背后隐含着土地问题和安全问题。历史和现实,经济与政治相互纠缠,使罗兴伽问题复杂难解。未来,罗兴伽问题的演进趋势将会主要决定东南亚国家难民政策的走向。罗兴伽问题暴力化的趋势使得安全因素成为改变难民政策的集中驱动力,国内政治因素则迫使执政者做出政策性改良,国际压力因素则使执政者在局部和细节处进行必要的妥协。

Abstract

As main destination of forced-migrated Rohingya,Thailand,Malaysia and Indonesia have been achieved some progresses in the field of policy and countermeasures toward forced-migrated Rohingya,though it still hardly accords to the rule of Treaty and Protocol. Refugee policy among three countries are mainly negative,lacking positive impetus to improve rights and social position of Rohingya. Rohingya issue is the unsolved problem left in process of nation building of Myanmar,which is deeply rooted in the stateless status of Rohingya and further impacted by the accusation and safety problems. Mixed with history and reality,economy and politics,Rohingya issue is prone to more and more complicated and extremely hard to solve. Developing trend of Rohingya issue will determinate direction of refugee policy among Southeast Asian countries in the future. Mounting trend of violence engaged in Rohingya issue collectively spurs related countries to change its refugee policy for the consideration of security. Domestic factor will force ruler to small-step reform by amending policy and international doctor will make ruler make necessary compromises in local and detail part.

作者简介
刘畅:刘畅,中国国际问题研究院亚太研究所助理研究员,中国社会科学院研究生院亚洲太平洋研究系博士研究生,研究方向为东南亚研究。