With the further advancement of structural reforms on the supply side of agriculture，China’s agricultural and rural economy has shown a good momentum of development in 2017. The growth rate of the value-added of the primary industry has increased and contributed more to economic growth. The investment structure of agriculture has been continuously optimized，and the dominant position of private investment has been strengthened. The grain production has gained a large harvest with a small increase，and the optimization of planting structure has become more prominent. Remarkable results have been achieved in the rural poverty alleviation，and the incidence of poverty and poverty in rural areas has been decreasing continuously. The income gap between urban and rural areas has continued to shrink，and the per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents has maintained a steady growth. The trend of agricultural product prices was mainly stable or declining，and the agricultural product market was generally stable. Overall，China’s current agricultural and rural development tendency is better，but the various conflicts that hinder the high-quality development of agriculture still exist. Food security is still facing challenges. The structural contradiction between supply and demand is still very prominent. The agricultural resources and environmental issues are severe，and the international competitiveness of agricultural products is weak. The imbalance between urban and rural development is severe. Therefore，the government should grasp the characteristics of food security in new phase，address the deep-seated conflicts that affect food security，accelerate the green development of agriculture and the improvement of rural human living environment，accelerate the promotion of quality agriculture，speed up the cultivation of new dynamic in the agricultural and rural development to increase income for farmers.