China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway is one of the most significant land passages connecting China，Central Asia，West Asia，and Europe. There are two lines to extend the railway toward the West and then connect West Asia and Europe：the south line is to get West Asia and South Europe through Iran，the north one is to go to Europe by Kazakhstan and Russia. What’s more，the project of a cross-Caspian Sea bridge，which was recently developed，provides a direct connection between Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan by crossing Caspian Sea and then get Europe through Turkey，if it could be carried out. We could not afford to ignore the risks caused by the complicated security situation in Central Asia. However，these risks have existed long before the “One Belt and One Road” strategy was launched and don’t take the strategy as a target. So we should take it easy and avoid specializing and generalizing them，and do not overestimate the seriousness. How to distinguish the “cooperative security issues” from “non-cooperative security issues” is also essential for us to deal with the security challenges in this area.