在风险治理的实践中,常常发生风险转移的现象,即在应对目标风险时,同一类风险从一个群体转移到另外一个群体时,其中可能涉及环境公平性的问题。在我国大气污染治理领域也存在大量风险转移的现象,而这种现象并没有引起政策制定者和学界的重视。本研究拟抛砖引玉,将此类问题提出来,并通过用电力替代化石能源的政策实施以及污染产业转移的两个政策案例来展示大气污染治理过程中产生次生风险的成因、过程以及可能造成的后果,以引起政策制定者和学界的重视。
Regulating risks is one of the major endeavors of the governmental agencies. In the process of managing risks,quite often,risk transfer occurs. This means that policies for coping with risks posed to one group of the population incur additional risks to another group,which may involve environmental injustice. This risk transfer phenomena exist in managing air quality in China,which receives little attention so far. Our study intends to raise this issue and use two policies as examples,which are using electricity to substitute fossil fuel in Beijing and relocating pollution-intensive industries from Beijing to other places,to demonstrate the causes and consequences of “risk transfer”,and to attract the attention from both policy makers and scholars.
Keywords: | Air Pollution GovernanceCountervailing RiskRisk TransferTransfer of Pollution Industry"Coal Conversion" Policy |