With the extensive application and rapid development of the Internet，as well as breakthroughs in information technology and the continuous expansion of the penetration value of commercial applications，the e-commerce model has achieved rapid development. Cross-border e-commerce cooperation is a business and trade model most suitable for prioritized promotion as far as the Belt and Road Initiative is concerned；it can shorten the channels of circulation to achieve the effective docking of production and consumption，so that countries along “the Belt and Road” routes can have their share of dividend through opening-up and cooperation，to facilitate inter-country division of labour and expand mutual market opening. This article has comprehensively combed the current situation，market structure，main features and development trend of China’s cross-border e-commerce，and analysed the cooperation potential of cross-border e-commerce between countries along “the Belt and Road” routes and the international environment，as well as its impact on China’s economy and the challenges and problems facing the business model. It has proposed that a new concept and international perspective be used in the face of various challenges in “the Belt and Road” cross-border e-commerce cooperation. The article believes that strengthening the supply chain management and data analysis capabilities is the key direction of the next stage of cross-border e-commerce，based on the global branding strategy of traditional trade advantages.