Based on the theories of literary culturology and from a cultural perspective，this paper aims to interpret Season of Migration to the North，a famous novel by Tayeb Salih. Attempt is also made to explore the innovative significance and problem awareness of the novel，analyze the plight in the identity construction of the protagonist from the perspectives of colonial history，ethnic conflicts and emotional entanglement，with focus on the inner experiences of the protagonist as the tradition culture of his own ethnic group encounter the powerful Western cultures，so as to further explain the development of the protagonist’s mentality. An analysis of the cultural context of early Sudanese literary works will help to delve into the cultural conflicts between the East and the West as well as the issue of ethnic cultural inheritance in the transitional period of Arab society，in order to correctly understand the historical attributes of literary works in this period.