2016 was the 15th anniversary of the establishment of the SCO，the international situation experienced complex and profound adjustment and change，and the uncertainty of world’s situation increased. Globalization was faced with unprecedented resistance，and the pressure of world’s economic downward increased. The differentiation of developed economies intensified and emerging economies has been developing in twists and turns. Traditional security issues and non-traditional security issues are intertwined，with regional security risks and challenges increasing. The SCO has been promoting multilateral economic cooperation into the fast lane，deepening the security cooperation mechanism and widening the field of humanities cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiatives. India and Pakistan signed a memorandum to start the process of joining，members’ consciousnesses of creating regional “interest community” and “fate community” increased，the regional attraction and influence of the SCO continued to expand，which faced with new challenges and new opportunities，and the development of the SCO will enter a new period of opportunity.