1995年以来，尤其是“十一五”以来，上海在传统大气环境问题治理方面取得了较为显著成效；然而与此同时，PM2。5(可入肺颗粒物)、挥发性有机物、臭氧、恶臭等新型大气环境问题却凸显出来。这些大气环境风险主要来自五个方面：以煤为主的能源结构未发生根本改变，燃煤是构成PM2。5等污染物的主要来源之一；机动车数量增加造成大量PM2。5、挥发性有机物、臭氧等污染物排放；化工生产规模扩张带来大量挥发性有机物、臭氧、恶臭等污染；由于城市扩张，原先离居民区较远的污水处理厂、垃圾处置设施等离新建小区过近；长三角或华东其他地方的大气污染物对上海造成影响。对此，建议上海市有关部门加快推进能源结构清洁化并减少燃煤过程中的污染，严控来自机动车尾气的污染，加强对化工行业大气污染的重点控制，调整城市布局以减少重污染设施和居民区的近距离接触，以及优化长三角大气污染联防联控机制，从而减少当地面临的大气环境风险。
Since 1995, especially since 2005, Shanghai has attained great achievements in abating traditional air pollutants; however, at the same time, new-type air pollution problems such as PM2.5, VOC, oxygen and fetor is becoming more serious. These new-type air pollution risks mainly result from five respects: first, coal still accounts for the major part of Shanghai's energy consumption, responsible for most PM2.5 in this city; second, increasing cars emit a great amount of PM2.5, VOC and oxygen; third, expanding chemistry industry brings about a lot of VOC, oxygen and fetor; fourth, owing to city growth, some new neighborhoods are built too close to sewage and solid waste treatment plants; fifth, air pollutants from neighboring regions in the Yangtze Delta or East China exert negative influences on Shanghai. In order to mitigate air pollution risks in Shanghai, this paper puts forward some suggestions to related governmental agencies: first, accelerate increasing clean energies in the energy mix and reduce pollution in the process of burning coal; second, stringently control pollution from the automobile exhaust; third, attach importance to air pollution abatement in some key chemistry industry areas; fourth, adjust the city layout to separate highly-polluting facilities from neighborhoods farther; fifth, promote cooperation with neighboring provinces or cities in the Yangtze Delta in air pollution abatement.
