Chinese economy is now in its second period called “quality improving and efficiency increasing”，which also means that the high growing speed of GDP has changed into relatively medium growing speed. The slowdown of growth speed dues to the significant transition effects in endowments and resources of Chinese economy. Mismatch of labor force structure and industry structure is the main result of structure effect，which generally leads to the distortion of resource distribution and prevents economy equilibrium from attaining Pareto Optimality. This article makes a Granger causality test based on labor force structure and industry structure data of Shandong Province from 1980 to 2013 and certifies that industry structure has more driving power，especially the development and industry structure adjustment in the second and third industry driving the transition of labor force structure. But the employment structure of all industries vs. industry structure cannot pass the Granger causality test，thus give us no explanatory meaning statistically. And finally based on the test results，policy suggestions on improving the adjustment of industry structure are enhancing division and cooperation，emphasizing employment problems and prompting institution reform of labor force division.