本文通过分析作为人类社会与海洋互动特色的早期社会组织的“奋进”号中不同社会角色所发挥的功能与组织目标之间的关系，旨在论证社会角色所拥有的特定知识结构和能力素质与组织目标之间的重要关系：前者决定后者实现的可能性，后者则是前者存在和发展的根源。历史上的英国库克船长及其船员观测了“金星凌日”并发现了澳洲大陆，基于社会角色变迁与社会变迁密切相关的理论假设，我们认为社会发展至今，人类在远洋航海等方面的社会实践活动对航海人员提出了更高的要求，彰显了社会角色与组织目标间的密切关联。
By analyzing the relationship between the features of different social roles of the “Endeavor” team and the organizational goals of it，which is an early social organization based on the interaction between human society and marine，we aim at demonstrating that there is an important connection between the specific knowledge structures and competencies of the social roles and their organizational goals：the former determines the possibility of the latter，and the latter is the root of the former’s survival and development. There is the fact that the British Captain Cook and his sailors observed the transit of Venus，and discovered the Australian continent；based on the theoretical assumption that the change of social roles is closely related to the change of society，with the development of society，the social activities in terms of ocean navigation and so forth set higher requirements for the sailors at present，highlighting the strong ties between the social roles and their organizational goals.
