The large-scale mobility of farmers after the reform and opening up sparked sustained attention in academic circles，while the fishermen group which also flowed frequently，did not obtain appropriate attention. It has been a social phenomenon that island fishing village became both outflow region and inflow region at the same time in recent years. This is a new social mobility trend which is different from many inland rural areas，and also it shows a new path and trend for the pre-flowing population. This study takes it as a starting point to do specific research about social mobility of the island fishing village population，and also define and explain the connotation and extension of social mobility，and on the basis of structuration theory，the push-pull theory and rational choice theory，to determine the specific research content and research methods，and then explore the key factor which influences the mobility strategy of island fishing village population. And the key factor is the individual selection influenced by kinds of push-and-pull powers between the beginning and end of the mobility.