At the juncture of the Ming and Ch’ing dynasties，a rare number of Chinese refugees who left to the“South Seas” and was encouraged by the Cheng’s Tung-ning regime expanded the scale of their enterprises in Southeast Asia，some of them even ran independent states.Two of the most outstanding statesmen of these refugees were Mac Thieu Tu and Phraya Taksin.Compared with Taksin’s assimilation to Siam，Thieu Tu kept more traditional Chinese specialty in his Ha-tien tran.Their conflicts and co-operation made them play important parts in the Indochinese history of the 17th and 18th centuries.That also marked the advent of Chinese immigrant’s well organized collective management in the 18th century Southeast Asia.