《南极条约》确立了和平利用南极和保护南极生态环境的基本宗旨，《关于环境保护的南极条约议定书》将南极环境影响评价制度确立为对南极环境和生态保护具有里程碑意义的重要制度。本文通过实证研究南极条约体系以及南极条约协商国的南极环境影响评价制度，剖析其基本架构、内在价值以及运行实效，发现南极环境影响评价制度存在环境影响评价标准不明确、《议定书》效力范围受限、环境影响评价实施效果难以保障等缺陷，因此，完善南极环境影响评价制度的对策是明确环境影响评价的标准、为南极条约非缔约国参与南极环境影响评价开辟路径、落实拟议活动开展的最终决定权主体、扩大环境影响评价对象范围、构建完善的南极环境影响评价制度。
The Antarctic treaty established the peaceful use of the Antarctic and the basic aim of the ecological environment protection of the Antarctic. In June 1991，the protocol on environmental protection of the Antarctic treaty signed for a landmark for the construction of the Antarctic environment protection system，the establishment of the Antarctic environment impact assessment system opened up a new course of environmental protection of the Antarctic. Through analysis of the Antarctic treaty system and negotiation of the basic framework of the Antarctic environment impact assessment system，found defects such as the Antarctic environment impact assessment system of environmental impact assessment standard is not clear，the protocol on environmental protection of the Antarctic treaty the effectiveness of limited scope，the effect of the implementation of environmental impact assessment is difficult to guarantee，then put forward some advice like clear of the environmental impact assessment standard，open the way for the parties to participate in the Antarctic environment impact appraisal and build the Antarctic environment damage responsibility mechanism.
| Keywords： | CEEThe Antarctic Environment Impact Assessment SystemThe Protocol on Environmental Protection of the Antarctic TreatyIEE |
