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2016年全球难民与移民问题

文章摘要

2015~2016年,全球被迫迁徙的人数、迁徙致死人数如上年预计再创新高,难民中的未成年人处境危险。被迫迁徙仍然集中于世界最欠发达地区,近期状况很难有所改善。反迁入移民政策在许多西方国家呼声愈烈,民粹主义势力在本轮难移民迁徙中得到增强,加之欧洲地区的恐怖袭击肆虐,受袭国家的反恐行动不济,难民也同经济移民一样,在各国政治竞选的舆论战中成为“替罪羊”。同时,国际社会也显现出国际道义、人道主义精神,正为难民做出可能的努力。联大通过了《关于难民和移民的纽约宣言》,预示着治理大规模危机迁徙的全球性框架即将建立;欧盟也提出布拉迪斯拉发路线图。中国正式加入国际移民组织,开启了参与国际移民合作的新篇章。

Abstract

As anticipated last year,both the amount of forced global migrations and the number of deaths from migration in 2015-2016 reached a new high,with minors and children among those facing the most risks. Most of the forced migrations are taking place in the world’s most underdeveloped areas and it is unlikely that this situation will improve in the near future. In many Western countries,the appeal of anti-immigration policies has taken on an increasingly stronger voice,while populism has been significantly enhanced during this round of the migration crisis. Furthermore,terrorist attacks have ravaged several European countries that failed to take effective measures in the fight against terrorism. Consequently,during each political campaign,along with the economic migrants,refugees have become scapegoats in the battle for public opinion. At the same time,in a spirit of humanitarianism,the international community has also embraced an ethical and moral obligation,making some limited efforts to help the refugees. The United Nations General Assembly adopted the New York Declaration on Refugees and Migrants,which indicates that a global framework for the management of the massive migration crisis is about to be established,and the European Union has also put forward the Bratislava roadmap. China’s entry into the International Organization for Migration (IOM)represents a new page in international cooperation with respect to migration.

作者简介
杨靖旼:杨靖旼,中央编译局世界发展战略研究部全球治理研究处助理研究员,博士后,主要研究领域为全球治理、难民问题。