The agriculture has been one of the most important economic sectors in Iran since it’s ancient time. The commercialization and marketization of agricultural production has been developing continuously from the Qajar Dynasty. The modernization process of Iran has made great progress during the period of Pahlavi，however，with the increase of oil income and the advance of industrialization，agricultural economy encountered the trend of marginalization. After the Islamic Revolution，Iran’s development policy has undergone a remarkable transformation，and agriculture was given the “core” in it’s economy. The government taken many initiatives to promote the agricultural production，and to achieve the food security. Despite the long-term adverse environments，the achievements of agricultural production is still significant. At present，the agricultural production in Iran trend to be better and better. Some economic crops，whose productions are more in Iran，exports largely，and the food production has been basically self-sufficient，which resulted in that food security index of Iran is in a safe range. After the lifting of the ban on Iran in 2015，it’s international environment will no doubt gradually improve，and the future of its agricultural development is worth of our expectation.