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法国的制造业

文章摘要

本文分析了法国制造业的国际竞争力。法国制造业的国际市场占有率自1995年以来呈现逐年下降的趋势。法国最具有国际竞争力的产品是非公路运输设备,其国际市场占有率在近10年都平稳地保持在较高水平,特别是在2008年以后竞争力明显提升。曾经是法国最大的出口行业的香精油、香料及清洁制剂,近20年其国际竞争力明显下降,目前是法国第二大出口行业。法国制造业的贸易为逆差,贸易逆差规模相对于贸易总额的比例近几年来有所下降,贸易竞争力较强的行业远少于竞争力弱的行业。法国制造业具有一定的显示比较优势,而且近年来显示比较优势指数逐年提高。法国制造业在高技术水平领域具有国际竞争力,且在国际金融危机期间仍比较稳定,贸易目的地由发达国家向发展中国家拓展。

Abstract

This report analyzes the international competitiveness of France manufacturing industry. The international market share of France manufacturing industry has been declining year by year since 1995. The most competitive industrial product in France export is transport equipment other than road vehicles,whose international market share has been remainning steadily high during recent years,and even continues rising since 2008. The international competitiveness of essential oils,perfume and flavour materials (SITC551),which was France’s largest export product several years ago,is falling fast in recent 20 years,and is the second largest export product at present. France manufacturing industry has deficit in international trade. The scale of trade deficit relative to the total amount of export and import is decreasing recently. The number of industries with strong trade competitiveness is much fewer than weak industries. France manufacturing industry has some revealed comparative advantage,which has been increasing in recent years. The high-skill and technology-intensive manufactures of France industry has international competitiveness,which keeps steadily stronger during financial crisis than low-skill and technology-intensive manufactures. The export market of France manufacturing industry,such as aircraft industry (SITC 792),is switching to developing countries from developed countries.

作者简介
刘昶:刘昶,中国社会科学院工业经济研究所助理研究员。
原磊:原磊,中国社会科学院工业经济研究所副研究员。