纺织业和服装制造业是中国最具国际竞争力的产业之一。本文通过测算2000～2013年中国纺织品与服装的国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数、显示比较优势指数、显示贸易比较优势指数等衡量竞争力强弱的指标后发现：从出口的情况来看，中国的服装和纺织品在全球拥有非常强的竞争力；再结合进出口的情况，这种竞争力就稍微弱化了一些，但仍位于全球前12名之列。近年来，中国所面临的来自印度、巴勒斯坦等发展中国家的竞争越来越激烈，这些国家拥有更低廉的劳动力成本，且与中国具有相似的比较优势，蚕食了中国在发达国家的市场份额。可以预见，在未来几年内，中国纺织服装工业的国际竞争力将会继续受到很大的影响。中国企业应该通过进一步多元化出口市场、减弱对低成本劳动力的依赖、提升在纺织服装工业价值链上所处的环节等各种措施来应对竞争。
Manufacture of textile and wearing apparel is one of the most competitive industries in China. This paper estimated the international market share，trade competitiveness index（TCI），revealed comparative advantage index（RCA），relative trade advantage （RTA） of the textile and apparel made in China during 2000 to 2013 and found that：China is very competitive judging from the export situation. This competitiveness had been slightly weaken while judging from both export and import situation，but China was still among top 20 most competitive economies in the world. In recent years，China face fierce competition from India，Palestine and other developing countries who have cheaper labor costs and devour China’s market share in developed economies. It can be predicted that in the next few years，the Chinese international competitiveness in textile and apparel will continue to be eaten away. In order to deal with the fierce competition，Chinese firms should further diversify export markets，reduce their dependence on low-cost labor force，and promote the value chain position.
