本文回顾了2015～2016年初的蒙古国政治形势、经济状况和重要外交活动。概述和分析了蒙古国一年来多变的政局及即将举行的议会大选筹备情况并进行了初步预测；介绍了该国2015年主要经济指标和连续下滑的经济及原因；分析了蒙古国提出的永久中立国政策及其将对中国产生的影响；蒙古国作为上合组织观察员国，对该组织始终保持一定距离，近年又正式宣布近期不加入该组织的声明，而对该组织框架内参与经贸合作跨境运输等感兴趣。
This paper reviews the Mongolian political situation，economic conditions and important diplomatic events from through 2015 up to the early 2016，summarizing and analyzing the Mongolian volatile political situation in more than the past one year，and making a preliminary prediction of the run-up of the Mongolian Parliament election to be held soon，introducing its main economic indicators of 2015 and the reasons for its economic continuous slowdown and probing the permanent neutral state policy put forward by Mongolia and its influence on China. As an observer SCO state，Mongolia always keeps some distance away from the organization. Lately，Mongolia has made a statement for not joining the SCO in the near future and expressed interest in cross-border transportation within the SCO framework，etc..
