国家安全审查是中国涉美投资政治风险中的重要内容,在中美市场准入的实质性分歧难以化解的条件下,个案冲突中的程序博弈更为突出。正当程序既是三一集团关联公司罗尔斯公司诉美国外资投资委员会与奥巴马一案的博弈核心,又是美国司法的重要原则,更是美国宪法原则。作为制衡性政治制度正常运行的基础和限制政府权力、保障市场经济正常运作、维护市场主体和公民合法权益的有力武器,正当程序通过司法审查环节,在维护或争取权利的过程中发挥着重要作用,然而,在对抗国家安全审查权力的利益冲突中,其权重被大大削弱。本文力求在厘清三一集团关联公司罗尔斯公司诉美国外资投资委员会与奥巴马案有关程序内容的基础上,分析中国涉美投资的美国国家安全审查制度的事前、事中、事后程序问题,并提出应对美国国家安全审查的若干思考。
National security review is an important part of the political risk of Chinese investment in the United States. In the context of substantive disputes on market entry,tussles on process in individual cases become more significant. Due process is not only the key concern for Sany-associated Ralls Corp. to sue the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States and Obama,but also an important principle of both the U.S. judiciary and the U.S. constitution. As a basic principle by which the system of checks and balances functions and as a powerful weapon employed to restrict the government,to ensure market performance,and to safeguard the legal rights of market players and citizens,due process (mainly the due procedure) plays an important role in upholding and striving for rights through judicial reviews. However,its weight has been significantly reduced in confronting the power of national security review. This paper attempts to analyze the entire process before,during,and after the U.S. national security review of Chinese investment in the U.S. and raise several strategic reflections on handling the U.S. national security review on the basis of process clarification of the case Ralls Corp. v. Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States,et. al.