奥巴马第二任期开局之年,美国内外战略环境出现一系列变化。受益于经济复苏的大好形势,美国积极内调结构、外塑规则、夯实其经济霸权基础,并努力突破美国政治制度的困境、减少内政对外交的过度干扰。表面上看,美国对外战略因受制于国内政治争斗而显得有些进退失据,尤其表现在中东政策和亚太“再平衡战略”的推进上;但深层次看,在延续第一任期“巧实力”战略的基础上,美国在内顾求稳、务实求效、谋划长远的轨道上继续深化调整。其总体战略呈现出由应对危机转向重构霸权、由专注亚太转向兼顾全球、由治理整顿转向塑造未来等一系列新特点或新气象。中美关系作为美国全球战略的重要一环,发展较为顺畅,且不乏亮点。然而,中美之间明里暗里的战略博弈丝毫没有减缓,双方高层虽就构建中美“新型大国关系”达成重要共识,但如何将共识转化为行动,如何以此为契机建构长期稳定的战略关系,依然任重道远。
During the first year of Obama’s second term,the overall strategic circumstances of the United States have changed. Thanks to the economic recovery,the United States adjusted domestic structure,shaped rules abroad and strengthened the base of economic hegemony. It tried to break through political dilemma and reduce interventions from domestic politics. On the surface,the US foreign strategy was enslaved to domestic political struggle,particularly its Middle East policy and “rebalancing strategy” in Asia Pacific;fundamentally,the United States continued to deepen its strategic adjustment on the track of keeping stability at home,applying pragmatic and efficient policies,and designing a long-term plan based on strategic extension of the first term “smart power”. Its overall strategy emerged from crisis response to hegemony reconstruction,from focusing on the Asia Pacific to considering the whole world,from rectification to shaping the future. As an important part of America’s global strategy,Sino-US relations have presented smooth development and new highlights. However,the strategic game between China and the United States did not alleviate. Although high-level leaders of two countries reached an important consensus about “new type of major powers relations”,how to transform consensus into action,and how to regard this as an opportunity to build a strategic long-term relationship still has a long way to go.