本报告考察了1992～2013年中国农产品对外贸易结构的变化。研究发现：较高的市场开放度大大提升了油籽的进口份额，农产品加工贸易出口的发展使得棉花等原料性农产品进口份额攀升，质量竞争力薄弱的国内畜产品正被进口品替代；有比较优势的劳动密集型农产品在出口中所占份额有扩大的趋势，但土地密集型的粮食类产品在出口中所占份额下降，质量和信誉竞争力急剧下降的畜产品占农产品总出口的份额呈下降趋势。中国农产品进出口增长速度的巨大差异，使得中国从农产品贸易顺差国演变为全球第二大贸易逆差国。中国农产品贸易格局演变主要是由经济快速发展、参与农产品国际贸易比较充分的沿海地区推动的。广东是农业比较优势格局变化较快的地区，也是中国农产品贸易格局变化的主要推动省份之一。
This article examines the changes of the foreign trade structure of agricultural products in China from 1992 to 2013. The results show that high market access greatly enhances the share of oilseeds import，agricultural processing exports of raw materials raises the share of imports of agricultural products such as cotton，and the relatively low quality competitiveness of domestic livestock spurs the substitution of domestic livestock with imports；the export share of labor-intensive agricultural products with comparative advantages is increased，while the export share of land-intensive food products witnesses a substantial decline，the export of livestock as a percentage of total agricultural exports witnesses a decrease because of the falling competitiveness of quality and credibility. The Huge difference between the growth rate of agricultural imports and that of agricultural export，pushing China from a agricultural surplus trader into the world’s second-largest trade deficit country. The drastic change of China’s agricultural trade pattern is brought out by the coastal areas which experienced a fast-growing period and deeper participation in the international competition agricultural market. As a coastal province，Guangdong has witnessed a fundamental change of comparative advantage of agriculture since reform and opening to the outside world，which makes Guangdong one of the major pushers of the rapid change of agricultural trade patterns.
