2012年3月，刚果（金）东部地区局势再次陷入动荡。原政府军将领恩塔甘达和麦肯加先后发动叛乱，并于同年5月成立M23运动。叛军主要盘踞在北基伍省靠近卢旺达、乌干达的边境地区。叛乱造成约50万人流离失所。2012年11月，M23运动占领戈马，震惊了国际社会。本文认为刚果（金）图西人的身份问题、民族矛盾背后的利益纷争以及地区安全因素、民族国家构建失败是刚果（金）东部近年来持续动荡的根源。
Eastern D.R. Congo has fallen into chaos since March 2012. Gen. Bosco Ntaganda and Col. Sultani Makenga defected from FARDC successively，and then established M23 Movement in May 2012. The rebels settled in the area of the triple frontier of the D.R.Congo，Rwanda and Uganda，Which has displaced about 500，000 people. M23 occupied Goma in November 2012，which astonished the international community. The issue of the identity of Congolese Tutsis，conflicts of interest behind ethnic groups，regional security issues，and the failure of Congolese nation-state process are sources of the constant conflict in Eastern D.R. Congo in recent years.
