核事件应急管理体制是体现美国核大国能力的一个重要方面。在经历了60多年的发展和改革之后，这个由联邦政府主导、“条”“块”分工结合的四级体制已经演化为法治完备、机构健全、制度细密、资源丰富、准备比较充分、应急响应能力较强的体制，在许多方面处于国际领先地位。核事件应急管理体制的建设不仅凸显了核安全与国家安全的密切关系，反映了核危机管理的客观要求，而且具有鲜明的美国特色。今天，核事件应急管理体制是美国国家重大灾难性事件应急管理体制的有机组成部分，为保障美国的国家安全和公共安全发挥着重要作用。
A well-established nuclear/radiological incident emergency management is one of the essential aspects of U.S. nuclear capacity. After over 60-year-long development and reform, the four tier system has evolved one in which the federal agencies are taking foremost roles, combining the vertical line of leadership with state and local governments. The whole system is based on laws and specific regulations, specialized agencies, rich dedicated assets, comparatively good preparedness and capabilities of effective emergency responses. Many aspects of it are the most advanced in the world. With the American distinctiveness, the process of its building-up not only illustrates the close relationship between nuclear security and national security, but also reflects the professional requirements of nuclear/radiological crisis management. Nowadays the system has become an integrated part of federal disasters emergency management, and it is playing a significant role in defending the public safety as well as homeland security of the United States.
