Guangzhou has been experiencing rapid urbanization while it faces great challenges in its natural resources utilization as well at the same time. For the past several years important progress has been made in air and water cleaning，waste treatment and energy saving in Guangzhou，but the fast growing population and economy still exerts great pressure on its environmental carrying capacity. Since land and water resources are the most important limiting factors for the development of Guangzhou，so land and water resources carrying capacity are respectively evaluated to estimate the maximum population that the natural environment of Guangzhou can hold，and then a comprehensive model is employed to assess the status of environmental carrying capacity of 2010.