Climate change has been confirmed by serious scientific research. More over，it is more serious than people's former expectation，which means the mitigation of climate change has been the most significant challenge in the 21^th century. With the signing of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol，as well as the agreement of Bali Roadmap，an international regime to cope with climate change is emerging gradually. The trade-off between reduction of carbon emission and economic growth，as well as the international competition caused by allocation of carbon emission，lead to serious difficulties in dealing with climate change. Although a new agreement will be likely to be reached in the COP15，the ambitious medium-term goal is very difficult to be achieved，indicating that human beings will still face a severe situation in the mitigation of climate change. Chinese government should grasp the opportunity and try to achieve the transformation of economic development pattern by positively dealing with climate change.